Sex-differences in Mediterranean diet: a key piece to explain sex-related cardiovascular risk in obesity? A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Mediterranean Diet (MD) has many health benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, it is still little known if there are any sex differences in following this nutritional pattern and, thus, the potential sex-related repercussions on CVR in obesity. The study aimed to characterize sex-related adherence to MD and its association with CVR factors in subjects with obesity. METHODS: A total of 968 females (33.81 ± 11.06 years; BMI 34.14 ± 7.43 kg/m2) and 680 males (aged 34.77 ± 11.31years; BMI 33.77 ± 8.13 kg/m2) were included in a cross-sectional observational study. Lifestyle habits, anthropometric parameters, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adherence to MD were evaluated. RESULTS: Females had significantly higher adherence to MD and lower hs-CRP levels than males (p < 0.001). Additionally, females consumed significantly more vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish/seafood, nuts, and sofrito sauce and less quantity of olive oil, butter, cream, margarine, red/processed meats, soda drinks (p = 0.001), red wine, and commercial sweets and confectionery than their counterparts. A PREDIMED score of ≤ 6 was associated with a significantly increased CVR in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Females had higher adherence to MD, lower CVR, and different food preferences than males. Although the same PREDIMED threshold has been identified as a spy of CVR, the sex-related preference of individual foods included in the MD could explain the different impact of this nutritional pattern on CVR in both sexes.

The Impact and Effectiveness of Weight Loss on Kidney Transplant Outcomes: A Narrative Review.

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that leads to several non-communicable illnesses, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diet and lifestyle modifications have shown a limited impact in the treatment of obesity. Because the group of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients examined in this study had limited access to kidney transplantation (KT), patients with obesity were thought to be at an increased risk of intraoperative and postoperative KT complications. Although bariatric surgery (BS) is now recognized as the gold standard treatment for morbid obesity, its role in ESRD or kidney transplant patients remains unknown. It is critical to know the correlation between weight loss and complications before and after KT, the impact of the overall graft, and patients' survival. Hence, this narrative review aims to present updated reports addressing when to perform surgery (before or after a KT), which surgical procedure to perform, and again, if strategies to avoid weight regain must be specific for these patients. It also analyzes the metabolic alterations produced by BS and studies its cost-effectiveness pre- and post-transplantation. Due to the better outcomes found in KT recipients, the authors consider it more convenient to perform BS before KT. However, more multicenter trials are required to provide a solid foundation for these recommendations in ERSD patients with obesity.

Epigenetics in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights.

A long-term complication of obesity is the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D have been described as having epigenetic modifications. Epigenetics is the post-transcriptional modification of DNA or associated factors containing genetic information. These environmentally-influenced modifications, maintained during cell division, cause stable changes in gene expression. Epigenetic modifications of T2D are DNA methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation, and phosphorylation at the lysine residue at the amino terminus of histones, affecting DNA, histones, and non-coding RNA. DNA methylation has been shown in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Furthermore, epigenetic changes have been observed in chronic complications of T2D, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Recently, a new drug has been developed which acts on bromodomains and extraterminal (BET) domain proteins, which operate like epigenetic readers and communicate with chromatin to make DNA accessible for transcription by inhibiting them. This drug (apabetalone) is being studied to prevent major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D, low HDL cholesterol, chronic kidney failure, and recent coronary events. This review aims to describe the relationship between obesity, long-term complications such as T2D, and epigenetic modifications and their possible treatments.

Gut microbiota and obesity: New insights.

Obesity is a pathology whose incidence is increasing throughout the world. There are many pathologies associated with obesity. In recent years, the influence of the microbiota on both health and pathological states has been known. There is growing information related to changes in the microbiome and obesity, as well as its associated pathologies. Changes associated with age, exercise, and weight changes have been described. In addition, metabolic changes associated with the microbiota, bariatric surgery, and fecal matter transplantation are described. In this review, we summarize the biology and physiology of microbiota in obese patients, its role in the pathophysiology of several disorders associated, and the emerging therapeutic applications of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.

Síndrome metabólico, obesidad y actividad física en el sur de Ecuador / Metabolic syndrome, obesity and physical activity insouthern of Ecuador

Contexto: En Ecuador, el síndrome metabólico (SM) en adultos tuvo para el 2012 una prevalencia de 27 % a nivel nacional, según criterios de la International Diabetes Federation(IDF)y se asocia a obesidad y sedentarismo. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre SM con actividad física e índice de masa corporal (IMC). studio transversal, descriptivo-observacional. Lugar y sujetos: 326 trabajadores universitarios de Loja, Ecuador, con edad promedio de 39,6 años (DS 8,58). Mediciones principales: variables antropométricas y parámetros séricos para diagnóstico de SM y de IMC. El International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ) se empleó para medir actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia global de SM fue 16,9 %, según criterios NCEP/ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program ́s Adults Treatment Panel III) y de 27,3 % por los de IDF. El SM fue más frecuente en obesos, en mujeres y en el grupo etario mayor a 50 años. Los parámetros más frecuentes de SM fueron colesterol-HDL(c-HDL) disminuido e hipertrigliceridemia. 2/19Revista científica digital INSPILIP Código ISSN 2588-0551DOI: 10.31790/inspilip.v3i1.80.g149Revista científica INSPILIP. Disponible en: http://www.inspilip.gob.ec/Junio de 2019Los hombres tuvieron valores significativamente (p<0,001) más elevados de todos los parámetros de SM, excepto glicemia. Se encontró asociación (p<0,001) entre SM e IMC, pero no con nivel de actividad física. Conclusión: La prevalencia de SM en trabajadores universitarios de Loja, Ecuador, es similar a la prevalencia nacional. El sobrepeso y la obesidadestán asociados a SM, acompañado principalmente de dislipidemia, a pesar de un nivel de actividad física entre moderada e intensa, todo lo cual destaca la importancia de implementar medidas de prevención, destacando los aspectos nutricional.

Context: In Ecuador, the metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults, had a prevalence of 27% nationwide by 2012 according to criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and is associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Objective:To determine the relationship between SM with physical activity and body mass index (BMI). Design:Cross-sectional, descriptive-observational study. Place and subjects: 326 university workers from Loja, Ecuador, with an average age of 36.6 years (SD 8.58). Main measurements:anthropometric measurements and serum parameters for diagnosis of MS and BMI. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure physical activity. Results:The global prevalence of MS was 16.9% according to NCEP / ATP III criteria (National Cholesterol Education Program's Adults Treatment Panel III) and 27.3% by IDF. The SM was more frequent in obese, in women and in the age group over 50 years. The most frequent parameters of MS were decreased HDL-Cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Men had significantly higher values (p <0.001) of all SM parameters, except glycaemia. Association was found (p <0.001) between SM and BMI, but not with physical activity level. Conclusion:the prevalence of MS among university workers in Loja, Ecuador, is similar to the national prevalence. Overweight and obesity are associated with MS, mainly accompanied by dyslipidemia, despite a moderate to intense level of physical activity, all of which highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures, highlighting the nutritional aspects.

A procedure for extending input selection algorithms to low quality data in modelling problems with application to the automatic grading of uploaded assignments.

When selecting relevant inputs in modeling problems with low quality data, the ranking of the most informative inputs is also uncertain. In this paper, this issue is addressed through a new procedure that allows the extending of different crisp feature selection algorithms to vague data. The partial knowledge about the ordinal of each feature is modelled by means of a possibility distribution, and a ranking is hereby applied to sort these distributions. It will be shown that this technique makes the most use of the available information in some vague datasets. The approach is demonstrated in a real-world application. In the context of massive online computer science courses, methods are sought for automatically providing the student with a qualification through code metrics. Feature selection methods are used to find the metrics involved in the most meaningful predictions. In this study, 800 source code files, collected and revised by the authors in classroom Computer Science lectures taught between 2013 and 2014, are analyzed with the proposed technique, and the most relevant metrics for the automatic grading task are discussed.

Histidinemia atípica y desarrollo cognitivo / Atypical hystidinemia and the cognitive development

Introducción: la histidinemia es un defecto metabólico dentro del grupo de aminoacidemias. El defecto enzimático de la histidasa (histidin-amono-liasa) provoca alta concentración de histidina en sangre, líquido cefalorraquídeo, en la orina y en el sudor. Métodos: un estudio de caso muestra el desarrollo evolutivo de un niño con histidinemia atípica y el impacto de la rehabilitación desde la edad temprana hasta la edad escolar. Resultados: la condición patológica causada por la histidinemia atípica limita el desarrollo motor, neurológico, neuropsicológico, conductual y escolar del niño. La rehabilitación temprana muestra que las habilidades primarias de la marcha se adquieren en la etapa esperada, pero los problemas motores complejos mantienen su limitación en el desarrollo. Las dificultades en el lenguaje oral persisten en toda la edad temprana, la rehabilitación posibilita su perfeccionamiento con la edad. Conclusiones: la histidinemia atípica muestra en el desarrollo alteraciones neurológicas, neuropsicológicas, neurofisiológicas, conductuales y académicas. La rehabilitación temprana brinda mejores condiciones de vida del infante. El carácter crónico de la enfermedad posibilita un pronóstico negativo en áreas esenciales como la conducta y la vida escolar(AU)

Introduction: histidinemia is a metabolic defect within the group of aminoacidemias. The enzymatic defect of histidase (histidin-amono-lyase) cause high histidine concentration in the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid, in urine, and sweat. Methods: a case study showed the developmental evolution of a child with atypical histidinemia and the impact of rehabilitation from early age to school age. Results: the pathological condition caused by atypical histidinemia limits the motor, neurological, neuropsychological, behavioural and educational development of the child. The early rehabilitation shows that primary gait abilities are acquired in the expected phase, but the complex motor problems remained in the development phase. The language difficulties persist throughout the early childhood, but rehabilitation makes it possible to improve oral expression as age increases. Conclusions: atypical histidinemia reveals neurological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, behavioural and academic alterations in the development of the child. The early rehabilitation provides better living conditions to the child. The chronic nature of the disease indicates a negative prognosis in essential areas such as behaviour and education(AU)

Histidinemia atípica y desarrollo cognitivo / Atypical hystidinemia and the cognitive development

Introducción: la histidinemia es un defecto metabólico dentro del grupo de aminoacidemias. El defecto enzimático de la histidasa (histidin-amono-liasa) provoca alta concentración de histidina en sangre, líquido cefalorraquídeo, en la orina y en el sudor. Métodos: un estudio de caso muestra el desarrollo evolutivo de un niño con histidinemia atípica y el impacto de la rehabilitación desde la edad temprana hasta la edad escolar. Resultados: la condición patológica causada por la histidinemia atípica limita el desarrollo motor, neurológico, neuropsicológico, conductual y escolar del niño. La rehabilitación temprana muestra que las habilidades primarias de la marcha se adquieren en la etapa esperada, pero los problemas motores complejos mantienen su limitación en el desarrollo. Las dificultades en el lenguaje oral persisten en toda la edad temprana, la rehabilitación posibilita su perfeccionamiento con la edad. Conclusiones: la histidinemia atípica muestra en el desarrollo alteraciones neurológicas, neuropsicológicas, neurofisiológicas, conductuales y académicas. La rehabilitación temprana brinda mejores condiciones de vida del infante. El carácter crónico de la enfermedad posibilita un pronóstico negativo en áreas esenciales como la conducta y la vida escolar.(AU)

Introduction: histidinemia is a metabolic defect within the group of aminoacidemias. The enzymatic defect of histidase (histidin-amono-lyase) cause high histidine concentration in the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid, in urine, and sweat. Methods: a case study showed the developmental evolution of a child with atypical histidinemia and the impact of rehabilitation from early age to school age. Results: the pathological condition caused by atypical histidinemia limits the motor, neurological, neuropsychological, behavioural and educational development of the child. The early rehabilitation shows that primary gait abilities are acquired in the expected phase, but the complex motor problems remained in the development phase. The language difficulties persist throughout the early childhood, but rehabilitation makes it possible to improve oral expression as age increases. Conclusions: atypical histidinemia reveals neurological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, behavioural and academic alterations in the development of the child. The early rehabilitation provides better living conditions to the child. The chronic nature of the disease indicates a negative prognosis in essential areas such as behaviour and education.(AU)

Infectious diseases in Mexico. A survey from 1995-2000.

Data obtained at a central laboratory for emerging, re-emerging, and other infectious diseases in Mexico from 1995-2000 are presented. An outstanding increase of DEN-3 circulation was identified. Aedes aegypti, the dengue vector, is widely distributed. Leptospirosis has become the most important differential diagnosis for dengue. Identification of rabies virus variants allowed cataloging of new transmitters of rabies. Rotavirus showed a clear seasonal distribution, while different proportions of pathogenic classes of Escherichia coli under endemic and outbreak conditions were seen. Serotypes of several bacteria are reported as well as the sources of isolation and frequency of Shigella, Salmonella, and Vibrio cholerae. Rise and disappearance of cholera could be followed along the past decade. Influenza strains were identified, as were several pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections. Laboratory support was important for surveillance after Hurricane Mitch. Multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are emerging and primary resistance is very high. It is now mandatory to search for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in blood banks. Triatoma barberi, a peridomestic bug, is the main vector of Chagas disease. Localized cutaneous leishmaniosis increased in regions having a guerrilla element in Chiapas. Modern immunodiagnostic techniques are used for control studies of cysticercosis and similar techniques were recently standardized for Trichinella spiralis detection. Low iodine values in children's urine were found in several Mexican states; therefore, use of iodized salt should be encouraged.

Medio de cultivo de Leptospiras para la producción industrial de la Vacuna Cubana para Animales / Culture media of Leptospira for industrial production of Cuban Vaccine for animals

La reproducción de las leptospiras siempre ha sido un dilema, ya que son bacterias algo delicadas en sus requerimientos nutricionales, más aún si se necesita obtener una concentración bacteriana alta, como es el caso que se presenta en la procucción de vacuna.En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados de un medio de cultivo logrado principalmente con materias primas cubanas. Esencialmente y lo más importante fue la obtención de un medio de cultivo que satisface los requerimientos de estas células bacterianas lográndose la concntración necesaria y no afectando ni la virulencia, ni la inmunogenicidad u otras características del microorganismo. Para ello se usó una sustancia estimulante de ciertas especies de pescado, sustituyendo totalmente en el cuarto pase o pase industrial, al suero de conejo, que encarecía extraordinariamente el producto. La conclusión, después de realizar innumerables experimentos con este medio y de pasar a la fase industrial con la producción de varios lotes de vacuna, es que el nuevo medio sustituye al medio Korthof incluso, se acorta el período de reproducción bacteriana favoreciendo que el ciclo de producción se abrevie y se gane en productividad.(AU)

Diagnóstico educativo sobre la enfermedad en pacientes diabéticos de la tercera edad / Educational diagnosis on the disease in elderly diabetic patients

Se realizó una investigación diagnóstica, de corte transversal, en un grupo de pacientes ancianos que asisten al Centro de Atención de Diabético para identificar las principales características y limitaciones de la educación en diabetes, en la tercera edad. Los pacientes tenían 60 años y más. Lasvariables generales y clínicas fueron tomadas de sus historias clíncias. Se exploró mediante cuestionario de conocimientos, encuestas y observación directa el grado de información teórica que poseían sobre la enfermedad; las destrezas para cumplir el tratamiento y su percepción sobre el grado de dificultad para entenderlo y cumplirlo. Se entrevistó al personal de salud que los atendía para indagarsobre las principales características, dificultades y necesidades educativas delgrupo. Más del 80 por ciento de los pacientes reflejó tener un nivel informativoaceptable sobre la enfermedad, pero las destrezas para ejecutar las diferentes técnicas de tratamiento y control eran suficientes en más del 50 por ciento de los pacientes. Un alto porcentaje (>50 por ciento) declaró que los consejos y orientaciones recibidos no eran fáciles de entender y/o llevar a cabo (AU)